\(f\left(x\right)=\sum\limits^3_{i=0}C_3^i\left(x+x^2\right)^i.\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{3-i}\sum\limits^{15}_{k=0}C_{15}^k\left(2x\right)^k\)

\(=\sum\limits^3_{i=0}\sum\limits^i_{j=0}C_3^i.C_i^jx^j.\left(x^2\right)^{i-j}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{3-i}\sum\limits^{15}_{k=0}C_{15}^k.2^k.x^k\)

\(=\sum\limits^3_{i=0}\sum\limits^i_{j=0}\sum\limits^{15}_{k=0}C_3^iC_i^jC_{15}^k\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{3-i}.2^k.x^{2i+k-j}\)

Số hạng chứa \(x^{13}\) thỏa mãn:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le i\le3\\0\le j\le i\\0\le k\le15\\2i+k-j=13\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left(i;j;k\right)=\left(0;0;13\right);\left(1;0;12\right);\left(1;1;11\right);\left(2;0;11\right);\left(2;1;10\right);\left(2;2;9\right);\left(3;0;10\right);\left(3;1;9\right)\)

\(\left(3;2;8\right);\left(3;3;7\right)\) (quá nhiều)

Hệ số....

Xét khai triển:

\(\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1x+C_n^2x^2+...+C_n^nx^n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0x+C_n^1x^2+C_n^2x^3+...+C_n^nx^{n+1}\)

Đạo hàm 2 vế:

\(\left(1+x\right)^n+nx\left(1+x\right)^{n-1}=C_n^0+2C_n^1x+3C_n^2x^2+...+\left(n+1\right)C_n^nx^n\)

Thay \(x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^n+n.2^{n-1}=1+2C_n^1+3C_n^2+...+\left(n+1\right)C_n^n\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{n-1}\left(2+n\right)-1=111\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{n-1}\left(2+n\right)=112=2^4.7\)

\(\Rightarrow n=5\)

\(\left(x^2+\dfrac{2}{x}\right)^5=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^kx^{2k}.2^{5-k}.x^{k-5}=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^k.2^{5-k}.x^{3k-5}\)

\(3k-5=4\Rightarrow k=3\Rightarrow\) hệ số: \(C_5^3.2^2\)

\(C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2=11\)

\(\Rightarrow1+n+\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}=11\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n^2+n-20=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}n=4\\n=-5\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x^3+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)^4\) có SHTQ: \(C_4^k.x^{3k}.x^{-2\left(4-k\right)}=C_4^k.x^{5k-8}\)

\(5k-8=7\Rightarrow k=3\)

Hệ số: \(C_4^3=4\)

Theo công thức nhị thức Niu-tơn, ta có :

\(P=C_6^0\left(x-1\right)^6+C_6^1\left(x-1\right)^5+....+C_6^kx^{2k}\left(x-1\right)^{6-k}+....+C_6^5x^{10}\left(x-1\right)+C_6^6x^{12}\)

Suy ra, khi khai triển P thành đa thức, \(x^2\) chỉ xuất hiện khi khai triển \(C_6^0\left(x-1\right)^6\) và \(C_6^1\left(x-1\right)^5\)

Hệ số của  \(x^2\) trong khai triển  \(C_6^0\left(x-1\right)^6\)  là : \(C_6^0.C_6^2\)

Hệ số của  \(x^2\) trong khai triển  \(C_6^1\left(x-1\right)^5\)  là : \(-C_6^1.C_5^0\)

Vì vậy hệ số của  \(x^2\) trong khai triển P thành đa thức là : \(C_6^0.C_6^2-C_6^1.C_5^0=9\)

\(\left(2x^3-\dfrac{3}{x^2}\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C^k_{10}.2^k.3^{10-k}.x^{3k}.\dfrac{1}{x^{2\left(10-k\right)}}\)

\(x^{10}=\dfrac{x^{3k}}{x^{20-2k}}\Leftrightarrow3k-20+2k=10\Leftrightarrow5k=30\Leftrightarrow k=6\)

\(\Rightarrow he-so:2^k.3^{10-k}=2^6.3^4=..\)

Câu 2:

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(n+2\right)!}{2!\cdot n!}-4\cdot\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)!}{n!\cdot1!}=2\left(n+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{2}-4\cdot\dfrac{n+1}{1}=2\left(n+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-8\left(n+1\right)=4\left(n+1\right)\)

=>(n+1)(n+2-8-4)=0

=>n=-1(loại) hoặc n=10

=>\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^4}+x^7\right)^{10}\)

SHTQ là: \(C^k_{10}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{x^4}\right)^{10-k}\cdot x^{7k}=C^k_{10}\cdot1\cdot x^{11k-40}\)

Số hạng chứa x^26 tương ứng với 11k-40=26

=>k=6

=>Số hạng cần tìm là: \(210x^{26}\)

\(C_2^2+C_3^2+...+C_n^2=C_3^3+C_3^2+C_4^2+...+C_n^2\) (do \(C_2^2=C_3^3=1\))

\(=C_4^3+C_4^2+C_5^2+...+C_n^2=C_5^3+C_5^2+...+C_n^2\)

\(=...=C_n^3+C_n^2=C_{n+1}^3\)

Do đó:

\(2C_{n+1}^3=3A_{n+1}^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)!}{3!.\left(n-2\right)!}=\dfrac{3.\left(n+1\right)!}{\left(n-1\right)!}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n-1=9\Rightarrow n=10\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1-x-3x^3\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(-x-3x^3\right)^k\)

\(=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(-1\right)^k\left(x+3x^3\right)^k=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_{10}^kC_k^i\left(-1\right)^kx^i.3^{k-i}.x^{3\left(k-i\right)}\)

\(=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_{10}^kC_k^i\left(-1\right)^k.3^{k-i}.x^{3k-2i}\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le i\le k\le10\\i;k\in N\\3k-2i=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(i;k\right)=\left(1;2\right);\left(4;4\right)\)

Hệ số: \(C_{10}^2C_2^1\left(-1\right)^2.3^1+C_{10}^4C_4^4.\left(-1\right)^4.3^0=...\)

\(\Rightarrow he-so:\left[{}\begin{matrix}C^9_{10}C^1_9\left(-3\right)^{10-9}\left(-1\right)=270\\C^{10}_{10}C^4_{10}\left(-3\right)^{10-10}.\left(-1\right)^4=210\end{matrix}\right.\)